The Ottoman–Persian Wars also called the Ottoman–Iranian Wars were a series of wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar states of Iran (Persia) through the 16th–19th centuries. The Ottomans consolidated their control of what is today Turkey in the 15th century, and gradually came into conflict with the emerging neighboring Iranian state, led by Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty. The two states were arch rivals, and were also divided by religious grounds, the Ottomans being staunchly Sunni and the Safavids being Shia. A series of military conflicts ensued for centuries during which the two empires competed for control over eastern Anatolia, the Caucasus, and Ottoman Iraq.
List
Among the numerous treaties, the Treaty of Zuhab of 1639 is usually considered as the most significant, as it fixed present Turkey–Iran and Iraq–Iran borders. In later treaties, there were frequent references to the Treaty of Zuhab.
Other conflicts
== See also == Ottoman–Safavid relations Habsburg–Persian alliance Franco-Ottoman alliance Russo-Persian Wars Russo-Turkish Wars Similar conflicts:
Greco–Persian wars Roman–Persian wars Byzantine–Seljuk wars Battle of Ankara Battle of Otlukbeli Ottoman–Hotaki War (1726–1727) Persian campaign (World War I)
References
Sources
Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia, 1587–1629, 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, ISBN 978-1595845672, English translation by Azizeh Azodi. Sicker, Martin (2001). The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 027596891X. Hala Mundhir, Fattah (1997). The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia, and the Gulf: 1745-1900. SUNY Press. ISBN 9781438402376.