The Soviet Navy's Project 667A Navaga (navaga) and Project 667AU Nalim (burbot) (NATO reporting name: Yankee), were a family of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines built in the Soviet Union. In total, 34 units were built, from 1964 to 1974: 24 in Severodvinsk for the Northern Fleet and the remaining 10 in Komsomolsk-on-Amur for the Pacific Fleet. Two Northern Fleet units were later transferred to the Pacific. The Yankee-class were subject to a wide variety of modifications; these ships have a different designation to the original model.
== Design == The Yankee-class nuclear submarines were the first class of Soviet ballistic missile submarines (SSBN) to have thermonuclear firepower comparable with that of their American and British Polaris submarine counterparts. The Yankee class were quieter in the ocean than were their Hotel-class predecessors, and had better streamlining that improved their underwater performance. The Yankee class were actually quite similar to the Polaris submarines of the U.S. Navy and the Royal Navy. These boats were all armed with 16 submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBM) with multiple nuclear warheads as nuclear deterrents during the Cold War, and their ballistic missiles had ranges from 1,500–2,500 nautical miles (2,800–4,600 km; 1,700–2,900 mi).
General characteristics (Yankee I)
Length: 128 m (419 ft 11 in) Beam: 11.7 m (38 ft 5 in) Draught: 8 m (26 ft 3 in) Surface displacement: 7,760 tonnes Full (Diving) displacement: 11,500 tonnes Speed: 28 knots (52 km/h; 32 mph) Power plant: 2 VM-4 reactors Hull: Low magnetic steel Crew: 114 Compartments: 10 Armament: 4 21 in (530 mm) torpedo tubes for 14 Type 53 torpedoes or mines. 2 16 in (410 mm) torpedo tubes for 4 Type 40 torpedoes 16 SS-N-6 liquid-fueled ballistic missiles
Operational history
The Yankee-class SSBNs served in the Soviet Navy in three oceans: the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the Arctic Ocean beginning in the 1960s. During the 1970s about three Yankee-class were continually on patrol in a so-called "patrol box" in the Atlantic Ocean just east of Bermuda and off the US Pacific coast. This forward deployment of the SSBNs was seen to balance the presence of American, British, and French nuclear weapons kept in Western Europe and on warships (including nuclear submarines) in the surrounding Atlantic Ocean, including the Mediterranean Sea and the Eastern Atlantic. The lead boat K-137 Leninets received its honorific name on 11 April 1970, two and one half years after being commissioned. One Yankee-class submarine, K-219, was lost on 6 October 1986 after an explosion and fire on board. This boat had been at sea near Bermuda, and she sank from loss of buoyancy because of flooding. Four of her sailors died before rescue ships arrived. The events surrounding the loss of this boat has continued to be controversial. At least one other boat in this class was involved in a collision with a U.S. Navy nuclear submarine. Because of their increasing age, and as negotiated in the SALT I, START I and START II treaties that reduce nuclear armaments of the United States and the Soviet Union, all boats of Yankee class were disarmed, decommissioned and sent to the nuclear ship scrapyards.
== Variants == There were eight different versions of the Yankee-class submarines:
In addition, Soviet/Russian classification includes the Delta-class submarines within the same family of Project 667; Deltas being Project 667B onward.
Units
References
== Bibliography == Pavlov, A. S. (1997). Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945–1995. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-671-X. Polmar, Norman (2026). Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies: 1946–2026. Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7643-7083-0. Polmar, Norman & Noot, Jurrien (1991). Submarines of the Russian and Soviet Navies, 1718–1990. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-570-1.
== External links == National Geographic: Yankee class accessed 14 March 2004. NATO Code Names for Submarines and Ships accessed 14 March 2004. Bellona Report: Project 667 A (Nalim, Navaga) – Yankee Class accessed 11 June 2006. World Navies Today: Russian Submarines Archived 12 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine accessed 11 June 2006. Jane's Fighting Ships of the World, 1994.